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	<title>Comments for Philpropsophy - Philosophy Articles and Article Summaries</title>
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	<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com</link>
	<description>Philosophy summaries and Wittgenstein. Philosophical baggage and anti-baggage.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 31 Dec 2011 20:32:26 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on An Argument Against Qualia (and some stuff about Robots and Consciousness, too!) by admin</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/epistemology/an-argument-against-qualia-and-some-stuff-about-robots-and-consciousness-too/comment-page-1/#comment-489</link>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Dec 2011 20:32:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/epistemology/an-argument-against-qualia-and-some-stuff-about-robots-and-consciousness-too/#comment-489</guid>
		<description>Thanks for your comment!

You raise an interesting point, but I think my critique is more along the lines of theories of qualia being nonfalsifiable. It&#039;s an attempt to show that the &quot;problem&quot; of qualia is a linguistic puzzle. Any comment we make about the &quot;existence&quot; of qualia is not giving us any new information about the world, because it has no testable implications. To use your computer analogy, it would be trying to talk about hardware issues in a computer in a world where we could absolutely never observe the underlying mechanics of the computer. Of course, with our human brains, we can get a sense of mechanics through science - but we can&#039;t get at the &quot;essence&quot; of our minds with philosophy, and qualia seems to be an issue of the &quot;essence&quot; of experience.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for your comment!</p>
<p>You raise an interesting point, but I think my critique is more along the lines of theories of qualia being nonfalsifiable. It&#8217;s an attempt to show that the &#8220;problem&#8221; of qualia is a linguistic puzzle. Any comment we make about the &#8220;existence&#8221; of qualia is not giving us any new information about the world, because it has no testable implications. To use your computer analogy, it would be trying to talk about hardware issues in a computer in a world where we could absolutely never observe the underlying mechanics of the computer. Of course, with our human brains, we can get a sense of mechanics through science &#8211; but we can&#8217;t get at the &#8220;essence&#8221; of our minds with philosophy, and qualia seems to be an issue of the &#8220;essence&#8221; of experience.</p>
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		<title>Comment on An Argument Against Qualia (and some stuff about Robots and Consciousness, too!) by Peter "1Z" Jones</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/epistemology/an-argument-against-qualia-and-some-stuff-about-robots-and-consciousness-too/comment-page-1/#comment-488</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter "1Z" Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Dec 2011 19:34:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/epistemology/an-argument-against-qualia-and-some-stuff-about-robots-and-consciousness-too/#comment-488</guid>
		<description>Inasmuch as functionalism can account for anything, functionalism can account for behavioural changes without bringing in qualia.

That is because functional descriptions are abstract. They are not full causal explanations. A functional description of a computer systems need not mention the need for a power
supply, or any other hardware issue, but computers need power to actually work.

If you have a full causal explanation of system S that omits property P, then you can safely
conclude that P is not necessary for an actual implementation of S. But you can&#039;t conclude
that computers don&#039;t need power, just because hardware details are omitted from an abstract high-level functional description.

So your argument doesn&#039;t show that qualia are redundant. They might still be part
of the hardware implementation that implements and drives the functioning of the system.
(As they would be under qualiaphilic identity theory).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Inasmuch as functionalism can account for anything, functionalism can account for behavioural changes without bringing in qualia.</p>
<p>That is because functional descriptions are abstract. They are not full causal explanations. A functional description of a computer systems need not mention the need for a power<br />
supply, or any other hardware issue, but computers need power to actually work.</p>
<p>If you have a full causal explanation of system S that omits property P, then you can safely<br />
conclude that P is not necessary for an actual implementation of S. But you can&#8217;t conclude<br />
that computers don&#8217;t need power, just because hardware details are omitted from an abstract high-level functional description.</p>
<p>So your argument doesn&#8217;t show that qualia are redundant. They might still be part<br />
of the hardware implementation that implements and drives the functioning of the system.<br />
(As they would be under qualiaphilic identity theory).</p>
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		<title>Comment on Locke vs. Hobbes, Nature, and Civil Society by admin</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/comment-page-1/#comment-427</link>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 2010 02:03:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/#comment-427</guid>
		<description>I don&#039;t know what you mean by &quot;more workable.&quot; If you mean feasible in practice, I think clearly we&#039;ve seen how societies that follow the Hobbesian model devolve into dictatorial messes. Contrast that with most of the developed world which has largely grown out of a Lockean approach.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t know what you mean by &#8220;more workable.&#8221; If you mean feasible in practice, I think clearly we&#8217;ve seen how societies that follow the Hobbesian model devolve into dictatorial messes. Contrast that with most of the developed world which has largely grown out of a Lockean approach.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Locke vs. Hobbes, Nature, and Civil Society by admin</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/comment-page-1/#comment-426</link>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Dec 2010 02:01:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/#comment-426</guid>
		<description>Yeah, I was pretty biased toward Locke in this article, but I think with good reason.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yeah, I was pretty biased toward Locke in this article, but I think with good reason.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Locke vs. Hobbes, Nature, and Civil Society by Olumide Onasanya</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/comment-page-1/#comment-425</link>
		<dc:creator>Olumide Onasanya</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2010 14:47:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/#comment-425</guid>
		<description>Hi, with reference to natural rights of man as presented by Locke and Hobbes which do
you think is more workable? and perhaps why?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi, with reference to natural rights of man as presented by Locke and Hobbes which do<br />
you think is more workable? and perhaps why?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Locke vs. Hobbes, Nature, and Civil Society by Chloe</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/comment-page-1/#comment-424</link>
		<dc:creator>Chloe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Oct 2010 19:16:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/#comment-424</guid>
		<description>After reading your writing, it seem that you were slightly bias towards Locke, was it supposes to suggest that ?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After reading your writing, it seem that you were slightly bias towards Locke, was it supposes to suggest that ?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Locke vs. Hobbes, Nature, and Civil Society by admin</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/comment-page-1/#comment-344</link>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 03:04:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/#comment-344</guid>
		<description>Somewhat overlooking your explicit copy-paste of your essay prompt...

I believe that the answer is already in this essay, just read it more carefully.

e.g.:
&lt;em&gt;According to Hobbes, the state of nature is defined by the absence of authority (except that of a mother over her child). All men are more or less equal. Though some may be stronger or smarter than others, each man is always susceptible to being killed by others, whether by deception, by others in unison, etc.[2] Because men are egoistic and will do whatever is in their interest, this pits mankind in a perpetual state of war of “all against all.”

He argues that peaceful cooperation is impossible without the power of an umbrella of absolute authority, for three general reasons: first, we will compete violently for subsistence or other material desires; second, we will live fearfully and challenge others in order to ensure our personal safety; and finally, we will seek reputation, by violence primarily, to ward others off from challenging us.[3] With no guarantor of security, “the wickedness of bad men also compels good men to have recourse, for their own protection, to the virtues of war, which are violence and fraud,”[4] ensuring the constant perpetuation of war.&lt;/em&gt;

...

&lt;em&gt;The reasons Locke provides for why man might want to leave the ideal state of nature’s “perfect freedom and equality” are the “inconveniences” experienced by the majority of rational people: the costs of lack of knowledge of certain laws and an impartial adjudicator; the absence of an ultimate power for law enforcement, which allows for the strongest groups to execute what they please; and the agent’s general difficulty in judging law impartially.&lt;/em&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Somewhat overlooking your explicit copy-paste of your essay prompt&#8230;</p>
<p>I believe that the answer is already in this essay, just read it more carefully.</p>
<p>e.g.:<br />
<em>According to Hobbes, the state of nature is defined by the absence of authority (except that of a mother over her child). All men are more or less equal. Though some may be stronger or smarter than others, each man is always susceptible to being killed by others, whether by deception, by others in unison, etc.[2] Because men are egoistic and will do whatever is in their interest, this pits mankind in a perpetual state of war of “all against all.”</p>
<p>He argues that peaceful cooperation is impossible without the power of an umbrella of absolute authority, for three general reasons: first, we will compete violently for subsistence or other material desires; second, we will live fearfully and challenge others in order to ensure our personal safety; and finally, we will seek reputation, by violence primarily, to ward others off from challenging us.[3] With no guarantor of security, “the wickedness of bad men also compels good men to have recourse, for their own protection, to the virtues of war, which are violence and fraud,”[4] ensuring the constant perpetuation of war.</em></p>
<p>&#8230;</p>
<p><em>The reasons Locke provides for why man might want to leave the ideal state of nature’s “perfect freedom and equality” are the “inconveniences” experienced by the majority of rational people: the costs of lack of knowledge of certain laws and an impartial adjudicator; the absence of an ultimate power for law enforcement, which allows for the strongest groups to execute what they please; and the agent’s general difficulty in judging law impartially.</em></p>
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		<title>Comment on Locke vs. Hobbes, Nature, and Civil Society by Andrew</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/comment-page-1/#comment-343</link>
		<dc:creator>Andrew</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Apr 2010 02:55:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/summaries/locke-vs-hobbes-nature-and-civil-society/#comment-343</guid>
		<description>Both Hobbes and Locke&#039;s &quot;state of nature&quot; have their own state of nature. Although dissimilar each state supplies a compelling reason for men to leave original condition and form a lawful community. Why so?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Both Hobbes and Locke&#8217;s &#8220;state of nature&#8221; have their own state of nature. Although dissimilar each state supplies a compelling reason for men to leave original condition and form a lawful community. Why so?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, and how G.E. Moore Fails to Respond to the Skeptics by Philip</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/analytic-tradition/ludwig-wittgensteins-on-certainty-and-how-ge-moore-fails-to-respond-to-the-skeptics/comment-page-1/#comment-262</link>
		<dc:creator>Philip</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 06:23:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/analytic-tradition/ludwig-wittgensteins-on-certainty-and-how-ge-moore-fails-to-respond-to-the-skeptics/#comment-262</guid>
		<description>The thing about Wittgenstein that always puzzles me is I am not sure of his relevance to most of the &quot;important&quot; philosophical questions.  Such as, what is justice?  What is the &quot;good&quot; for human beings.  What is the proper political system for human beings?  All too often I find folks who cite Wittgenstein simply using him as a blanket citation to refute any notion that these questions are meaningful.  So what&#039;s Wittgenstein&#039;s alternative way to address these if not through philosophy?  Because I can promise him, the questions and the failure of human beings to adequately answer them are very real.  I&#039;ll SHOW him, but it&#039;s all bad.  What does a Wittgenteinian use to inform their daily judgements about ethics?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The thing about Wittgenstein that always puzzles me is I am not sure of his relevance to most of the &#8220;important&#8221; philosophical questions.  Such as, what is justice?  What is the &#8220;good&#8221; for human beings.  What is the proper political system for human beings?  All too often I find folks who cite Wittgenstein simply using him as a blanket citation to refute any notion that these questions are meaningful.  So what&#8217;s Wittgenstein&#8217;s alternative way to address these if not through philosophy?  Because I can promise him, the questions and the failure of human beings to adequately answer them are very real.  I&#8217;ll SHOW him, but it&#8217;s all bad.  What does a Wittgenteinian use to inform their daily judgements about ethics?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Ludwig Wittgenstein’s On Certainty, and how G.E. Moore Fails to Respond to the Skeptics by admin</title>
		<link>http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/analytic-tradition/ludwig-wittgensteins-on-certainty-and-how-ge-moore-fails-to-respond-to-the-skeptics/comment-page-1/#comment-261</link>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 20 Feb 2010 22:01:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://philosophy.intellectualprops.com/analytic-tradition/ludwig-wittgensteins-on-certainty-and-how-ge-moore-fails-to-respond-to-the-skeptics/#comment-261</guid>
		<description>Thanks for your comment!

My conclusion certainly is NOT that knowledge about the world - meant in the sense that we learn and consistently understand patterns in our world - is unnecessary.

My position (and Wittgenstein&#039;s) isn&#039;t a wild skepticism or subjectivism. It simply rejects the traditional philosophical notions of knowledge on the basis that they make our claims to knowledge vulnerable to skepticism.

When I say that we &quot;do not need to &#039;know&#039;&quot;, it means that we do not need to &quot;know&quot; like G.E. Moore is trying to prove to philosophical skeptics. In fact, I (and Wittgenstein) are arguing that our sense experiences, taken at face value, are enough to prove that we are certain in our knowledge. We don&#039;t need fancy philosophical arguments to prove that &quot;here is a hand&quot;; statements like &quot;here is a hand&quot; form the foundation of how we think, so to challenge their truth isn&#039;t just mistaken, it&#039;s also pointless.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for your comment!</p>
<p>My conclusion certainly is NOT that knowledge about the world &#8211; meant in the sense that we learn and consistently understand patterns in our world &#8211; is unnecessary.</p>
<p>My position (and Wittgenstein&#8217;s) isn&#8217;t a wild skepticism or subjectivism. It simply rejects the traditional philosophical notions of knowledge on the basis that they make our claims to knowledge vulnerable to skepticism.</p>
<p>When I say that we &#8220;do not need to &#8216;know&#8217;&#8221;, it means that we do not need to &#8220;know&#8221; like G.E. Moore is trying to prove to philosophical skeptics. In fact, I (and Wittgenstein) are arguing that our sense experiences, taken at face value, are enough to prove that we are certain in our knowledge. We don&#8217;t need fancy philosophical arguments to prove that &#8220;here is a hand&#8221;; statements like &#8220;here is a hand&#8221; form the foundation of how we think, so to challenge their truth isn&#8217;t just mistaken, it&#8217;s also pointless.</p>
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